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Zionism is a nationalist movement that advocates for the creation and support of a homeland for the Jewish people in the Land of Israel. Amongst Jews living in Israel, Zionism is generally associated with a conservative religious worldview.
The modern movement started in the late 19th century in Europe, as a reaction to increasing antisemitism and to ideas of assimilation. Zionism has had many different varieties that all shared the goal of creating a homeland for the Jewish People. The dominant variety at first was political Zionism, led by Theodor Herzl, but it later lost ground to the socialist Labor Zionism.