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Clinical data | |
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Pronunciation | /kæˈfiːn, ˈkæfiːn/ |
Synonyms | Guaranine Methyltheobromine 1,3,7-Trimethylxanthine 7-methyltheophylline Theine |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
Pregnancy category |
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Dependence liability | Physical: low–moderate Psychological: low |
Addiction liability | Low / none |
Routes of administration | By mouth, insufflation, enema, rectal, intravenous |
Drug class | Stimulant |
ATC code | |
Legal status | |
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Pharmacokinetic data | |
Bioavailability | 99% |
Protein binding | 25–36% |
Metabolism | Primary: CYP1A2 Minor: CYP2E1,CYP3A4, CYP2C8,CYP2C9 |
Metabolites | Paraxanthine (84%) Theobromine (12%) Theophylline (4%) |
Onset of action | ~1 hour |
Elimination half-life | Adults: 3–7 hours Infants (full term): 8 hours Infants (premature): 100 hours |
Duration of action | 3–4 hours |
Excretion | Urine (100%) |
Identifiers | |
1,3,7-Trimethylpurine-2,6-dione | |
CAS Number |
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PubChem CID | |
IUPHAR/BPS | |
DrugBank |
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ChemSpider |
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UNII | |
KEGG |
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ChEBI | |
ChEMBL | |
PDB ligand | |
E number | {{#property:P628}} |
ECHA InfoCard | {{#property:P2566}} |
Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | C8H10N4O2 |
Molar mass | 194.19 g·mol−1 |
3D model (JSmol) | |
Density | 1.23 g/cm3 |
Melting point | 235 to 238 °C (455 to 460 °F) (anhydrous) |
CN1C=NC2=C1C(=O)N(C(=O)N2C)C | |
InChI=1S/C8H10N4O2/c1-10-4-9-6-5(10)7(13)12(3)8(14)11(6)2/h4H,1-3H3 Key:RYYVLZVUVIJVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y |
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Caffeine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant. It is in the methylxanthine class. It is found in many plants, and is used in drinks like coffee, some teas, some soft drinks, and energy drinks. It can be harmful for both humans and animals if a large amount is consumed. If a person ate 10-13 grams of caffeine quickly, between 80 and 100 cups of coffee, they would overdose and may die. It is the world's most popular psychoactive drug, and is legal in nearly all of the world.