In linguistics, a participle is a word that shares some characteristics of both verbs and adjectives. Examples of participle formation are:
Verb | Past Simple | Past Participle | Present Participle | Regular/ Irregular |
to hire | hired | hiring | regular |
to do | did | done | doing | irregular |
to say | said | saying |
to eat | ate | eaten | eating |
to write | wrote | written | writing |
to beat | beat | beaten | beating |
to sing | sang | sung | singing |
to see | saw | seen | seeing |
As noun-modifiers, participles usually precede the noun (like adjectives), but in many cases they can or must follow it:
- The visiting dignitaries devoured the baked apples.
- Please bring all the documents required. (= Please bring all the documents that are required.)
- The difficulties encountered were nearly insurmountable. (= The difficulties that were encountered were nearly insurmountable.)
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