Abū al-Rayḥān Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al-Bīrūnī'[n 1] (born 5 September 973 in Kath, Khwarezm, died in the year 13 December 1048 in Ghazni), known as Alberonius in Latin and Al-Biruni in English, was a Persian-ChorasmianMuslim scholar and polymath of the 11th century.