Jupiter

Full-disc view in natural color in April 2014
Designations
Pronunciation	/ˈdʒuːpɪər/ ( listen)[page needed]
Named after	Jupiter
Adjectives	Jovian /ˈdʒoʊiən/
Orbital characteristics
Epoch J2000
Aphelion	Lua error in Module:Convert at line 272: attempt to index local 'cat' (a nil value).
Perihelion	Lua error in Module:Convert at line 272: attempt to index local 'cat' (a nil value).
Semi-major axis	Lua error in Module:Convert at line 272: attempt to index local 'cat' (a nil value).
Eccentricity	0.0489
Orbital period	11.862 yr 4,332.59 d 10,475.8 Jovian solar days
Synodic period	398.88 d
Average orbital speed	Lua error in Module:Convert at line 272: attempt to index local 'cat' (a nil value).
Mean anomaly	20.020°
Inclination	1.303° to ecliptic[page needed] 6.09° to Sun's equator 0.32° to invariable plane
Longitude of ascending node	100.464°
Time of periastron	21 January 2023
Argument of perihelion	273.867°
Known satellites	95 (as of 2023[update])
Physical characteristics[page needed]
Mean radius	Lua error in Module:Convert at line 272: attempt to index local 'cat' (a nil value). 10.973 Earths
Equatorial radius	Lua error in Module:Convert at line 272: attempt to index local 'cat' (a nil value). 11.209 Earths
Polar radius	Lua error in Module:Convert at line 272: attempt to index local 'cat' (a nil value). 10.517 Earths
Flattening	0.06487
Surface area	Lua error in Module:Convert at line 272: attempt to index local 'cat' (a nil value). 120.4 Earths
Volume	Lua error in Module:Convert at line 272: attempt to index local 'cat' (a nil value). 1,321 Earths
Mass	Lua error in Module:Convert at line 272: attempt to index local 'cat' (a nil value). 317.8 Earths 1/1047 Sun
Mean density	Lua error in Module:Convert at line 272: attempt to index local 'cat' (a nil value).
Surface gravity	Lua error in Module:Convert at line 272: attempt to index local 'cat' (a nil value). 2.528 g
Moment of inertia factor	0.2756±0.0006
Escape velocity	Lua error in Module:Convert at line 272: attempt to index local 'cat' (a nil value).
Rotation period	9.9258 h (9 h 55 m 33 s)
Sidereal rotation period	9.925 hours (9 h 55 m 30 s)
Equatorial rotation velocity	Lua error in Module:Convert at line 272: attempt to index local 'cat' (a nil value).
Axial tilt	3.13° (to orbit)
North pole right ascension	268.057°; 17h 52m 14s
North pole declination	64.495°
Albedo	0.503 (Bond) 0.538 (geometric)[page needed]
Surface temp. min mean max 1 bar 165 K 0.1 bar 78 K 128 K 1000 k
Apparent magnitude	−2.94[page needed] to −1.66[page needed]
Angular diameter	29.8" to 50.1"
Atmosphere
Surface pressure	200–600 kPa (opaque cloud deck)
Scale height	Lua error in Module:Convert at line 272: attempt to index local 'cat' (a nil value).
Composition by volume	89.8%±2.0% hydrogen (H 2) 10.2%±2.0% helium (He) 0.3%±0.1% methane (CH 4) 0.026%±0.004% ammonia (NH 3) 0.0028%±0.001% hydrogen deuteride (HD) 0.00058%±0.00015% ethane (C 2H 6) 0.0004%±0.0004% water (H 2O)

Diagram of Jupiter

A series of photographs taken by Voyager 1 as it approached Jupiter, made into an animation

Jupiter is the largest planet in the Solar System. It is the fifth planet from the Sun. Jupiter is a gas giant because it is so large, and made mostly of gas. The other gas giants in the Solar System are Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.

Jupiter was discovered by Galileo Galilei in 1610 with a small telescope. The planet has a Great Red Spot which is located at 22 degrees south of Jupiter's equator, it produces wind-speeds up to 432 km/h (268 mph).