Kidney stone disease |
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Other names | Urolithiasis, kidney stone, renal calculus, nephrolith, kidney stone disease, |
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A kidney stone, 8 millimeters (0.3 in) in diameter |
Symptoms | Severe pain in the lower back or abdomen, blood in the urine, vomiting, nausea |
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Causes | Genetic and environmental factors |
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Diagnostic method | Based on symptoms, urine testing, medical imaging |
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Differential diagnosis | Abdominal aortic aneurysm, diverticulitis, appendicitis, pyelonephritis |
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Prevention | Drinking fluids such that more than two liters of urine are produced per day |
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Treatment | Pain medication, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, ureteroscopy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy |
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Frequency | 22.1 million (2015) |
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Deaths | 16,100 (2015) |
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