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Islamic Republic of Pakistan
  • اِسلامی جمہوریہ پاكِستان (Urdu)
  • Islāmī Jumhūriyah Pākistān
Flag of Pakistan
Motto: 
Anthem: 
Land controlled by Pakistan shown in dark green; land claimed but not controlled shown in light green
Land controlled by Pakistan shown in dark green; land claimed but not controlled shown in light green
CapitalIslamabad
33°41′30″N 73°03′00″E / 33.69167°N 73.05000°E / 33.69167; 73.05000
Official languages
BaltiBurushaskiDameliDomaakiGawar-BatiKalashaKhowarIndus KohistaniKutchiMemoniShinaWakhiYidgha
Ethnic groups
(2017)
Religion
(2017)
Demonym(s)Pakistani
GovernmentFederal parliamentary constitutional republic
• President
Arif Alvi
Anwar ul Haq Kakar
Sadiq Sanjrani
Raja Pervaiz Ashraf
Qazi Faez Isa
LegislatureParliament
Senate
National Assembly
Independence 
• Dominion
14 August 1947
23 March 1956
12 January 1972
14 August 1973
Area
• Total
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1850: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). (29th)
• Water (%)
2.86
Population
• 2023 estimate
Neutral increase 270,800,000 (5th)
• 2023 census
Neutral increase 270.8 million
• Density
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1850: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). (56th)
GDP (PPP)2023 estimate
• Total
Increase $2.0 trillion (19th)
• Per capita
Increase $21,000 (87th)
GDP (nominal)2023 estimate
• Total
Increase $491.7 billion (31st)
• Per capita
Increase $10,987 (98th)
Gini (2018) 31.6
medium
HDI (2023)Increase 0.697
medium · 152nd
CurrencyPakistani rupee (₨) (PKR)
Time zoneUTC+05:00 (PKT)
DST is not observed
Date format
  • dd-mm-yyyy
Mains electricity230 V–50 Hz
Driving sideleft
Calling code+92
ISO 3166 codePK
Internet TLD.pk

Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (Urdu: Islāmī Jumhūriyah Pākistān), is a country in South Asia. It shares its border with India, Iran, Afghanistan and China. Pakistan has the fifth largest population (207.77 million) in the world and has a total land area of 880,940 km2 (340,130 sq mi).or in simple words 881,000 km² This makes Pakistan the 34th largest country in the world by land area. It has a 1,365 km long coastline along the Arabian Sea in the south. The capital of Pakistan is Islamabad, but before 1960, it was Karachi, which is now the country's largest city. While they were building Islamabad, Rawalpindi served as the temporary capital from 1959 to 1967.

Pakistan has a rich history with ancient cultures, such as the 8,500-year-old Neolithic site of Mehrgarh, the Bronze Age Indus Valley civilization, and the ancient Gandhara civilization. Over the years, various empires and dynasties, including the Achaemenid, Maurya, Kushan, Gupta, Macedonians, Mongols, Tibetans, Umayyad Caliphate, Samma, Hindu Shahis, Shah Miris, Ghaznavids, Delhi Sultanate, Mughals, and the British Raj, have influenced the region. Pakistan is also associated with the origins of major world religions like Hinduism and Sikhism, as well as the Mahayana and Vajrayana branches of Buddhism, rooted in the Gandhara region.

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