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Monocyte under a light microscope (40x) from a peripheral blood smear surrounded by red blood cells.

Monocytes are a type of white blood cell, part of the human body's immune system. They are usually identified in stained smears by their large two-lobed nuclei. They are a kind of reserve cell which turn into macrophages and immune helper cells called dendritic cells.

Monocytes work at two speeds in the immune system:

  1. To gradually replenish resident macrophages and dendritic cells under normal conditions, and
  2. To move quickly (~ 8-12 hours) to infected tissue in response to inflammation signals. There they divide and differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells to cause an immune response.

Half of all monocytes are stored as a reserve in the spleen; the rest are circulating or in tissues. view more...