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Methane
Methane-2D-dimensions.svg
Methane.Structural formula.V1.svg
Methane-3D-space-filling.svg
Other names
  • Marsh gas
  • Natural gas
  • Carbon tetrahydride
  • Hydrogen carbide
Identifiers
CAS number74-82-8
PubChem297
EC number200-812-7
KEGGC01438
MeSHMethane
ChEBICHEBI:16183
RTECS numberPA1490000
SMILESC
Beilstein Reference1718732
Gmelin Reference59
3DMetB01453
Properties
Molecular formulaCH4
Molar mass16.04 g mol-1
AppearanceColorless gas
OdorOdorless
Density
  • 0.657 g·L−1 (gas, 25 °C, 1 atm)
  • 0.717 g·L−1 (gas, 0 °C, 1 atm)
  • 422.62 g·L−1 (liquid, −162 °C)
Melting point

-182 °C, 90.7 K, -296 °F

Boiling point
Solubility in water22.7 mg·L−1
SolubilitySoluble in ethanol, diethyl ether, benzene, toluene, methanol, acetone and insoluble in water
log P1.09
kH14 nmol·Pa−1·kg−1
−12.2×10−6 cm3·mol−1
Structure
Td
Molecular shapeTetrahedron
Dipole moment0 D
Thermochemistry
Std enthalpy of
formation
ΔfHo298
−74.87 kJ·mol−1
Std enthalpy of
combustion
ΔcHo298
−891.1 to −890.3 kJ·mol−1
Standard molar
entropy
So298
186.25 J·(K·mol)−1
Specific heat capacity, C35.69 J·(K·mol)−1
Hazards
NFPA 704

NFPA 704.svg

4
2
0
 
Explosive limits4.4–17%
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)

Methane is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH4. It is an alkane with one carbon atom. It is often found as the main part of natural gas. Methane is a greenhouse gas 23 times more effective than carbon dioxide. It is also less stable and slowly oxidates by oxygen to carbon dioxide and water.

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