The Illustrated Sutra of Cause and Effect. An image done in the 8th century in Japan showing cause and effect.

Tipping the first domino stone will cause the second one to fall, which will cause the third one to fall, etc.

Causality is a way to describe how different events relate to one another. Suppose there are two events A and B. If B happens because A happened, then people say that A is the cause of B, or that B is the effect of A.