Umayyad Empire ٱلْخِلَافَة ٱلْأُمَوِيَّة
661–750
The Umayyad Caliphate at its greatest extent in AD 750
Capital	Damascus (661–744) Harran (744–750)
Capital-in-exile	Córdoba (756–1031)
Common languages	Classical Arabic (official) – Coptic, Greek, Latin, Persian (official in certain regions until the reign of Abd al-Malik) – Aramaic, Armenian, Kurdish, Berber languages, African Romance, Mozarabic, Sindhi, Georgian, Prakrit
Religion	Islam
Government	Caliphate
Caliph
• 661–680	Muawiya I (first)
• 744–750	Marwan II (last)
History
•	estimated from 660 to 665
•	750
Area
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Currency	Dinar (gold coin) Dirham (silver coin) Fals (copper coin)
Preceded by Succeeded by Rashidun Caliphate Byzantine Empire Visigothic Kingdom Exarchate of Africa Kingdom of the Aurès Kingdom of Altava Brahman dynasty of Sindh Hephthalite Empire Abbasid Caliphate Emirate of Córdoba Barghawata Kingdom of Nekor Emirate of Tlemcen
Amir al-Mu'minin (أمير المؤمنين), caliph (خليفة)

The Umayyad Caliphate (Arabic: الخلافة الأموية) also known as the Umayyad Empire, was the second of the four major Islamic caliphates established after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It was founded by Mu'awiya I, a companion of Muhammad. It was ruled by the Umayyad dynasty (Arabic: بنو أمية, Banu Umayyah), an Arab dynasty who came from Mecca, in present-day Saudi Arabia. Damascus was their capital from 661–744, Harran from 744–750, and after the Abbasid revolution, Córdoba (756–1031) in Al-Andalus, where they established the Emirate of Córdoba (756-929) and then the Caliphate of Córdoba (929-1031), also known as the Second Umayyad Caliphate.