Transcription (linguistics), the conversion of spoken words into written language. Also the conversion of handwriting, or a photograph of text into pure text
Transcription (genetics), the process of copying DNA to RNA by an enzyme called RNA polymerase (RNAP)
Transcription (music), either notating an unnotated piece, common in ethnomusicology, or rewriting a piece, either simply recopying (as for clarity), or as an arrangement for another instrument
Piano transcription, a piece of music played on one or more pianos that is an approximation of a source piece of music
in computer speech recognition, transcription is the process of having a speech recognition system/software listen to prerecorded voice and then make it insert the recognizable words into a document for later correction