Scotland Scotland (Scots) Alba (Scottish Gaelic)
Motto:
Anthem:
Location of  Scotland  (dark green) – on the European continent  (green & dark grey) – in the United Kingdom  (green)
Status	Country
Capital	Edinburgh 55°57′11″N 3°11′20″W / 55.95306°N 3.18889°W / 55.95306; -3.18889
English Scots Scottish Gaelic British Sign Language
Ethnic groups (2011)	List of ethnicities 96.0% White 2.7% Asian 0.7% Black 0.4% Mixed 0.2% Arab 0.1% other
Religion (2011)	List of religions 32.4% Church of Scotland 15.9% Roman Catholic 5.5% Other Christian 1.4% Islam 0.3% Hinduism 0.2% Buddhism 0.2% Sikhism 0.1% Judaism 0.3% Other 36.7% No religion
Demonym(s)	Scots Scottish
United Kingdom Scotland
Government	Devolved parliamentary legislature within a constitutional monarchy
• Monarch	Charles III
• First Minister	Humza Yousaf
• Deputy First Minister	Shona Robison
Parliament of the United Kingdom
• Secretary of State	Alister Jack
• House of Commons	59 MPs (of 650)
Legislature	Scottish Parliament
Formation
• Established	9th century (traditionally 843)
• Treaty of Edinburgh–Northampton	17 March 1328
• Treaty of Berwick	3 October 1357
• Union with England	1 May 1707
• Devolution	19 November 1998
Area
• Land	Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1850: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value).
• Water (%)	3.00%
Population
• 2019 estimate	5,463,300
• 2011 census	5,313,600
• Density	Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1850: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value).
GVA	2017 estimate
• Total	£138 billion
• Per capita	£25,500
GDP (nominal)	2020 estimate
• Total	£166.8 billion
• Per capita	£30,530 ($44,000)
HDI (2018)	0.913 very high · 4th
Currency	Pound sterling (GBP; £)
Time zone	UTC (Greenwich Mean Time)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+1 (British Summer Time)
Date format	dd/mm/yyyy (AD)
Driving side	left
Calling code	+44
ISO 3166 code	GB-SCT
Internet TLD	.scot
Often shown abbreviated as "In Defens".   See National anthem of Scotland.   Scotland has no official language. English is the main language by custom and usage, with Scots, Scottish Gaelic and British Sign Language also recognised as the main linguistic groups in Scotland, according to the Scottish Government. Both Scots and Scottish Gaelic are officially recognised as regional languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. Under the Gaelic Language (Scotland) Act 2005, Bòrd na Gàidhlig is tasked with securing Gaelic as an official language of Scotland. British Sign Language is officially recognised as language under the British Sign Language (Scotland) Act 2015.   Historically, the use of "Scotch" as an adjective comparable to "Scottish" or "Scots" was commonplace. Modern use of the term describes products of Scotland (usually food or drink-related).   The head of state of the United Kingdom is the monarch (currently King Charles III, since 2022). Scotland has limited self-government within the UK as well as representation in the UK Parliament. Certain executive and legislative powers have been devolved to, respectively, the Scottish Government and the Scottish Parliament.   .scot is not a ccTLD, but a GeoTLD, open to use by all people in Scotland and related to Scotland. .uk as part of the United Kingdom is also used. ISO 3166-1 is GB, but .gb is unused.

Map of Scotland

Scotland (Scots: Scotland, Scottish Gaelic: Alba [ˈal̪ˠapə] ( listen)) is one of the four countries of the United Kingdom. Scotland located on the northern third of Great Britain. Many other islands in the British Isles are also part of Scotland. To the south of Scotland is England, the North Sea is to the east, the Atlantic Ocean is to the west and the Irish Sea is to the south-west.

The capital city of Scotland is Edinburgh on the east coast, but the biggest city is Glasgow on the west coast. The other cities in Scotland are Aberdeen, Dundee, Inverness, Perth, Stirling and Dunfermline. About five million people live in Scotland. Most of the population lives in the Central Belt, an area between the Scottish Highlands and the Scottish Lowlands.