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Odonata
Aeshna juncea hovering.jpg
Aeshna juncea hovering over a pond.
Scientific classification
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Odonata
Male blue ringtail (Austrolestes annulosus), a damselfly
The giant Upper Carboniferous dragonfly ancestor, Meganeura monyi, had a wingspan of about 680 mm (27 in). Museum of Toulouse

The Odonata are an order of flying insects, the dragonflies and damselflies.

Like most of the flying insects (flies, beetles, Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera), they evolved in the early Mesozoic era. Their prototypes, the giant dragonflies of the Carboniferous, 325 mya, are no longer put in the Odonata. These are now called Protodonata or Meganisoptera.

The two suborders are easily distinguished:

  • Dragonflies: they are Anisoptera (= usually larger, eyes together & wings up or out at rest)
  • Damselflies: they are Zygoptera (= usually smaller, eyes apart & wings along body at rest)

All Odonata have aquatic larvae called 'nymphs', and all of them, larvae and adults, are carnivorous. The adults can land, but rarely walk. Their legs are specialised for catching prey. They are almost entirely insectivorous.

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