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Appearance | colorless gas, liquid or solid |
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Standard atomic weight (Ar, standard) | [14.00643, 14.00728] |
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Atomic number (Z) | 7 |
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Group | group 15 (pnictogens) |
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Period | period 2 |
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Block | p-block |
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Element category | reactive nonmetal |
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Electron configuration | [He] 2s2 2p3 |
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Electrons per shell | 2, 5 |
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Phase at STP | N: Gas |
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Melting point | 63.15 K (−210.00 °C, −346.00 °F) |
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Boiling point | 77.355 K (−195.795 °C, −320.431 °F) |
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Density (at STP) | 1.2504 g/L at 0 °C, 1013 mbar |
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when liquid (at b.p.) | 0.808 g/cm3 |
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Triple point | 63.151 K, 12.52 kPa |
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Critical point | 126.192 K, 3.3958 MPa |
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Heat of fusion | (N2) 0.72 kJ/mol |
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Heat of vaporization | (N2) 5.56 kJ/mol |
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Molar heat capacity | (N2) 29.124 J/(mol·K) |
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Vapor pressureP (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1 k | 10 k | 100 k |
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at T (K) | 37 | 41 | 46 | 53 | 62 | 77 |
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Oxidation states | −3, −2, −1, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (a strongly acidic oxide) |
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Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 3.04 |
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Ionization energies | - 1st: 1402.3 kJ/mol
- 2nd: 2856 kJ/mol
- 3rd: 4578.1 kJ/mol
- (more)
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Covalent radius | 71±1 pm |
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Van der Waals radius | 155 pm |
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Spectral lines of nitrogen |
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Natural occurrence | N: Primordial |
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Crystal structure | hexagonal |
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Speed of sound | 353 m/s (gas, at 27 °C) |
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Thermal conductivity | 25.83×10−3 W/(m·K) |
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Magnetic ordering | diamagnetic |
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CAS Number | 17778-88-0 7727-37-9 (N2) |
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Discovery | Daniel Rutherford (1772) |
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Named by | Jean-Antoine Chaptal (1790) |
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| references |