Abū al-Rayḥān Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al-Bīrūnī'^{[n 1]} (born 5 September 973 in Kath, Khwarezm, died in the year 13 December 1048 in Ghazni), known as Alberonius in Latin and Al-Biruni in English, was a Persian-ChorasmianMuslim scholar and polymath of the 11th century.

Al-Biruni was one of the greatest scholars of the medieval Islamic era and was well versed in physics, mathematics, astronomy, and natural sciences. He did a lot of work as a historian, chronologist and linguist. view more...