Kidney stone disease
Other names	Urolithiasis, kidney stone, renal calculus, nephrolith, kidney stone disease,
A kidney stone, 8 millimeters (0.3 in) in diameter
Symptoms	Severe pain in the lower back or abdomen, blood in the urine, vomiting, nausea
Causes	Genetic and environmental factors
Diagnostic method	Based on symptoms, urine testing, medical imaging
Differential diagnosis	Abdominal aortic aneurysm, diverticulitis, appendicitis, pyelonephritis
Prevention	Drinking fluids such that more than two liters of urine are produced per day
Treatment	Pain medication, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, ureteroscopy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy
Frequency	22.1 million (2015)
Deaths	16,100 (2015)

Kidney stone disease, also known as urolithiasis, is when a solid piece of material (kidney stone) happens in the urinary tract. Kidney stones typically form in the kidney and leave the body during urination. A small stone may pass without causing symptoms. I