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| Muslim conquests | |||||||||
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| Part of the history of Islam | |||||||||
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| Belligerents | |||||||||
| Islamic Medina (622-632) Rashidun Caliphate (632-661)  Umayyad Caliphate (661-760)Emirate of Tbilisi (736-1122)  Emirate of Córdoba (750-929)Aghlabids (800-909) Emirate of Crete (824-961) |  Byzantine Empire Ghassanids TanukhidsEgyptians Nubians  Sasanian EmpireKingdom of Altava Kingdom of the Aurès Kabyles Kingdom of Ouarsenis Kingdom of Hodna  Republic of Venice | ||||||||
The first Muslim conquests (632–732), (Arabic: فتح, Fatah, literally opening,) also referred to as the Islamic conquests or Arab conquests, began after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He established a new unified political polity in the Arabian peninsula which under the following Rashidun and Umayyad Caliphates saw a century of rapid expansion of Arab power well beyond the Arabian peninsula in the form of a vast Muslim Arab Empire with an area of influence that stretched from northwest India, across Central Asia, the Middle East, North Africa, southern Italy, and the Iberian Peninsula, to the Pyrenees. The Arab conquests culminated in Islamic rule being established across three continents (Asia, Africa, and Europe). According to Scottish historian James Buchan: "In speed and extent, the first Arab conquests were matched only by those of Alexander the Great, and they were more lasting."
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