The Islamic Golden Age, also sometimes known as the Islamic Renaissance, is traditionally said to have lasted from the 8th century AD to the 13th century. However, some place the beginning of the Islamic Golden Age as early as the Umayyad Caliphate (founded by Mu'awiya I), and place its end as late as the end of the 15th-16th centuries, including the rise of the Islamic gunpowder empires, referring to the Ottoman Empire, Safavid Empire and the Mughal Empire.