Ammonium chloride | |
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IUPAC name | Ammonium chloride |
Other names | Sal ammoniac, Salmiac, Nushadir salt, Sal armagnac, Salt armoniack, Salmiak |
Identifiers | |
CAS number | |
PubChem | |
EC number | 235-186-4 |
KEGG | D01139 |
ChEBI | CHEBI:31206 |
RTECS number | BP4550000 |
SMILES | [Cl-].[NH4+] |
Properties | |
Molecular formula | H4ClN |
Molar mass | 53.49 g mol-1 |
Appearance | White solid, hygroscopic |
Odor | Odorless |
Density | 1.519 g/cm3 |
Melting point | 338 °C, 611 K, 640 °F |
Boiling point | |
Sublimes at 337.6 °C ΔsublH | |
Solubility in water | 244 g/L (−15 °C) 294 g/L (0 °C) 383.0 g/L (25 °C) 454.4 g/L (40 °C) 740.8 g/L (100 °C) |
Solubility product (Ksp) | 30.9 (395 g/L) |
Solubility | Soluble in liquid ammonia, hydrazine, Slightly soluble in acetone Insoluble in diethyl ether, ethyl acetate |
Solubility in methanol | 32 g/kg (17 °C) 33.5 g/kg (19 °C) 35.4 g/kg (25 °C) |
Solubility in ethanol | 6 g/L (19 °C) |
Solubility in glycerol | 97 g/kg |
Solubility in sulfur dioxide | 0.09 g/kg (0 °C) 0.031 g/kg (25 °C) |
Solubility in acetic acid | 0.67 g/kg (16.6 °C) |
Vapor pressure | 133.3 Pa (160.4 °C) 6.5 kPa (250 °C) 33.5 kPa (300 °C) |
Acidity (pKa) | 9.24 |
-36.7·10−6 cm3/mol | |
Refractive index (nD) | 1.642 (20 °C) |
Structure | |
Crystal structure | CsCl, cP2 |
Space group | Pm3m, No. 221 |
Lattice constant | a = 0.3876 nm |
Thermochemistry | |
Std enthalpy of formation ΔfH | −314.43 kJ/mol |
Standard molar entropy S | 94.56 J/mol·K |
Specific heat capacity, C | 84.1 J/mol·K |
Pharmacology | |
ATC code | |
Hazards | |
NFPA 704 | |
Flash point | Non-flammable |
U.S. Permissible exposure limit (PEL) | none |
Related compounds | |
Other anions | Ammonium fluoride Ammonium bromide Ammonium iodide |
Other cations | Sodium chloride Potassium chloride Hydroxylammonium chloride |
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) |
Ammonium chloride is a chemical compound composed of ammonium and chloride ions. It is a colorless crystalline compound. It is used in soldering. It is also used as an electrolyte in the Leclanche cell, a type of primary cell. Ammonium chloride can be deprotonated by strong bases such as sodium hydroxide to produce ammonia gas.It is sublime compound. view more...