Umayyad Caliphate ٱلْخِلَافَة ٱلْأُمَوِيَّة  (Arabic) Al-Khilāfa al-Umawiyya
661–750
The Umayyad Caliphate at its greatest extent, under Caliph Umar II, c. 720
Status	Empire
Capital	Damascus (661–744) Harran (744–750)
Official languages	Arabic
Common languages	Middle Persian Coptic Medieval Greek Latin (official in certain regions until 700) various regional languages
Religion	Islam
Government	Hereditary caliphate
Caliph
• 661–680	Mu'awiya I (first)
• 744–750	Marwan II (last)
History
•	661
•	750
Area
720	Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1850: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value).
Currency	Dinar (gold coin) Dirham (silver coin) Fals (copper coin)
Preceded by Succeeded by Rashidun Caliphate Byzantine Empire under the Heraclian dynasty Visigothic Kingdom Exarchate of Africa Kingdom of the Aurès Kingdom of Altava Brahman dynasty of Sindh Hephthalite Empire Abbasid Caliphate Emirate of Córdoba Barghawata Emirate of Nekor Emirate of Tlemcen Bavand dynasty

The Umayyad Caliphate (Arabic: الخلافة الأموية) also known as the Umayyad Empire, was the second of the four major Islamic caliphates established after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It was founded by Mu'awiya I, a companion of Muhammad. It was ruled by the Umayyad dynasty (Arabic: بنو أمية, Banu Umayyah), an Arab dynasty who came from Mecca, in present-day Saudi Arabia. Damascus was their capital from 661–744, Harran from 744–750, and after the Abbasid revolution, Córdoba (756–1031) in Al-Andalus, where they established the Emirate of Córdoba (756-929) and then the Caliphate of Córdoba (929-1031), also known as the Second Umayyad Caliphate.