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Mean distance from Earth | 1 au ≈ 1.496×108 km 8 min 19 s at light speed |
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Visual brightness (V) | −26.74 |
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Absolute magnitude | 4.83 |
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Spectral classification | G2V |
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Metallicity | Z = 0.0122 |
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Angular size | 31.6–32.7 minutes of arc |
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Adjectives | Solar |
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Mean distance from Milky Way core | ≈ 2.7×1017 km 27,200 light-years |
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Galactic period | (2.25–2.50)×108yr |
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Velocity | ≈ 220 km/s (orbit around the center of the Milky Way) ≈ 20 km/s (relative to average velocity of other stars in stellar neighborhood) ≈ 370 km/s (relative to the cosmic microwave background) |
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Equatorial radius | 695,700 km, 696,342 km 109 × Earth |
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Equatorial circumference | 4.379×106 km 109 × Earth |
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Flattening | 9×10−6 |
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Surface area | 6.09×1012 km2 12,000 × Earth |
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Volume | 1.41×1018 km3 1,300,000 × Earth |
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Mass | 1.9885×1030 kg 333,000 × Earth |
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Average density | 1.408 g/cm3 0.255 × Earth |
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Center density (modeled) | 162.2 g/cm3 12.4 × Earth |
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Equatorial surface gravity | 274 m/s2 28 × Earth |
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Moment of inertia factor | 0.070 (estimate) |
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Escape velocity (from the surface) | 617.7 km/s 55 × Earth |
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Temperature | Center (modeled): 1.57×107 K Photosphere (effective): 5,778 K Corona: ≈ 5×106 K |
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Luminosity (Lsol) | 3.828×1026 W ≈ 3.75×1028 lm ≈ 98 lm/W efficacy |
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Color (B-V) | 0.63 |
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Mean radiance (Isol) | 2.009×107 W·m−2·sr−1 |
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Age | ≈ 4.6 billion years |
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Obliquity | 7.25° (to the ecliptic) 67.23° (to the galactic plane) |
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Right ascension of North pole | 286.13° 19 h 4 min 30 s |
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Declination of North pole | +63.87° 63° 52' North |
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Sidereal rotation period (at equator) | 25.05 d |
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(at 16° latitude) | 25.38 d 25 d 9 h 7 min 12 s |
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(at poles) | 34.4 d |
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Rotation velocity (at equator) | 7.189×103 km/h |
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Hydrogen | 73.46% |
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Helium | 24.85% |
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Oxygen | 0.77% |
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Carbon | 0.29% |
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Iron | 0.16% |
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Neon | 0.12% |
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Nitrogen | 0.09% |
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Silicon | 0.07% |
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Magnesium | 0.05% |
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Sulfur | 0.04% |
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